Alms – In terms of terms that are certain property that must be issued by Muslims and given to those who are entitled to receive it, namely the poor and so on. Here is a complete explanation of zakat which includes the law of zakat according to the Qur'an and Hadith, type of zakat,

Zakat when viewed in terms of language means 'clean', 'holy', 'fertile', 'thanks to’ and 'develop'. According to the provisions that have been set by Islamic law. Zakat is the third pillar of Islam.

Zakat law

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam, and become one of the main elements for the upholding of Islamic law. This is confirmed in the hadith from Ibn Umar, that Rasululloh SAW stated that "Islam is built on 5 main pole, that is : testimony that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad Rasululloh, set up prayers, pay zakat, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and go on a pilgrimage for those who can afford it.”

Therefore, the law of zakat is obligatory on Muslims who have fulfilled the conditions . Abdullah bin Mas'ud RA mentioned: “You are all ordered to perform prayers and pay zakat. Who does not pay zakat, then the prayer is not accepted.

Zakat includes categories of worship such as prayer, the hadj, and fasting which has been arranged in detail based on the Koran and the Sunna. Zakat is also a social and humanitarian activity that can develop in accordance with the development of mankind anywhere.

Types of zakat

Zakat is divided into two types, namely :

1. Zakat fitrah
   Zakat that must be issued by Muslims before Eid al-Fitr in the holy month of Ramadan. The amount of this zakat is equal 3,5 liter (2,7 kilogram) staple foods available in the area concerned.
2. Zakat meal (Map)
   Zakat paid by Muslims which includes the proceeds of business, agriculture, mining, treasure finds, seafood, livestock products, gold and silver. Each type has its own calculations.

Recipients of Zakat

There are eight parties who are entitled to receive zakat, stated in Surah at-Taubah verse 60 that is:

1. Poor
   Those who have almost nothing to tick are able to meet the basic needs of their day-to-day living. According to Buya Hamka, fakir comes from the meaning of "bending the spine", a term for a person who is bent over carrying the heavy burden of life.
2. Poor
   Those who have property but do not fulfill their basic needs to live. Linguistically, the poor come from سُكُوْنٌ (sukūn), which means there is no change in his life
3. Amil
   Those who collect and also distribute zakat or in general are called the committee . Of course in collecting this zakat, there were officers who took it. They are entitled to zakat. However, Buya Hamka made a note, that if the management or committee takes part of the assets that have been collected for themselves, this is imposed on corruption / ghulūl (غُلُوْلٌ). Therefore, according to him, may hold a committee in the framework of collecting zakat.
4. About me
   These are those who are new to Islam and need help adjusting to their new circumstances.
5. Hamba sahaya
   A slave who wants to free himself
6. Gharimin
   Those who are in debt for halal needs and are unable to fulfill them.
7. Fisabilillah
   Those who fight in the way of Allah
   Example : The teacher runs, Students, Preaching, dll
8. Ibn Sabil
   Those who run out of expenses on the trip.

The Haram receives Zakat

1. Rich people and people who still have energy.
2. My servant who still earns a living from his master.
3. Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad (ahlul bait).
4. People who are dependent on people who give zakat, for example children and wives.

The wisdom of zakat

There is a lot of wisdom from zakat ,among others:

1. To reduce the social gap between the rich and the poor.
2. The pillar of congregational charity between those who exist with the mujahids and preachers who fight and preach
3. Cleansing bad morals
4. Property purifiers as well as protection from the greed of the wicked.
5. An expression of gratitude for the blessings that Allah SWT has given
6. Moral support for new converts to Islam

Propositions of zakat

Al Qur’an

In the Quran, there are many propositions about zakat. Of which, namely :

• Al-Baqarah ayat 177
• Al-Ma’idah ayat 55
• At-Taubah verse 5
• 34-35, Al-Mu’minun ayat 1-4
• An-Naml ayat 2-3
• Luqman ayat 3-4
• Fushshilat verse 6-7.[7]

Below this, are just some of the Quranic propositions related to the obligation of zakat:
“ …and establish prayer , pay zakat and bow down with those who bow down ". (Al-Baqarah 2:43) ”
“ On the day the silver gold is heated in hell, then burned their foreheads with it, their stomach and back (then it is said) to them: "This is your treasure that you keep for yourself, then taste it now (as a result of) what do you keep it.” (At-Taubah 9:35) ”
“ Take zakat from some of their assets, with that zakat you cleanse and purify them …” (At-Taubah 9:103) ”
“ …and He it is Who made the gardens, and the gardens,, palm tree, plant a variety of fruit, olives and pomegranates are similar (shape and color) and not the same (taste). Eat from the fruit (the various kinds) when he bears fruit, and fulfill his rights on the day of harvest (by donating to the poor) , and do not be excessive. Indeed, Allah does not like people who are excessive.” (al-An’am 6:141)

The hadith

There are several hadiths narrated by Imam Bukhari about this zakat.
Example:

From Ibn Umar RA said, "Rasulullah SAW said what it means :

“The principles of faith exist 5 things : It is a testimony that there is no God who has the right to be worshiped except Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, set up prayers, pay zakat, performing Hajj, and fasting the month of Ramadan.” ”

From Abu Ayyub RA, that a man came to Rasululloh SAW, and said:

"Tell me a charity that is able to enter me into Heaven ” Someone told him: "What's wrong with her, what's up with him?” The Prophet SAW replied :

"He has an interest (in the form of a very large thing, that is) you worship Allo h and do not associate partners with Him, set up prayers, issue zakat, and strengthen kinship ties.”

History of zakat

Every Muslim is obliged to give alms from the sustenance bestowed by Allah SWT. This obligation is written in the Koran. At first, The Koran commands the giving of alms (free giving, not mandatory). However, at a later date, Muslims are commanded to pay zakat.

Zakat according to the hadith of science from the conversation of Anas ibn Malik with Dhamman ibn Tsa'labah was set before the 9th year of Hijri or 631 AD. It was said he was obliged after Rasululloh SAW's migration to Medina.

The evidence that explains is the hadith about zakat fitrah, riqayat Imam Ahmad and Hakim, which states that there is zakat fitrah before zakat mal, the consequences of which are determined after the fasting order.

Zakat has become mandatory since the year 662 M. Prophet Muhammad SAW instituted this zakat commandment by assigning zakat levels for those who are rich to ease the burden of life for those who are poor.. Since then, zakat is applied to Islamic countries. This shows that later on there will be arrangements for giving zakat, especially regarding the amount of zakat.

Such is the speaker of zakat, May be useful

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