The Kharijites consisted of Ali Ibn Talib's followers who left their ranks, because he does not agree with 'Ali Ibn Talib's attitude in accepting arbitration as a way to resolve disputes over the Khilafah with Mu'awiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan. The name Khawarij comes from the word kharaja which means to come out. The name was given to them, because they got out of line 'Ali. But there is also an opinion that says that the naming is based on a verse 100 from Surat Al-Nisa ', which is mentioned in it: "Get out of Lan's house’ to Allah and His Messenger ”. Thus the Kharijites saw themselves as people who left home from their hometowns to serve the din’ to Allah and His Messenger.

Next they say din’ they are Syurah, which comes from the word Yasyri (sell), as mentioned in the verse 207 from Surat Al-Baqarah: "There are people who sell themselves to gain the pleasure of God". The meaning, they are people who are willing to sacrifice themselves for God. Another name given to them is Haruriah, from the word Harura,” a village located near the city of Kufa, in Iraq. This is where they are, which at that time numbered twelve thousand, got together after separating from 'Ali. Here they chose 'Abdullah Ibn Abi Wahb Al-Rasidi to be their Imam instead of' Ali Ibn Abi Talib. In the battle with ‘Ali’s power they suffered a great defeat, but eventually a Khariji named 'Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muljam was able to kill' Ali.

Despite having been defeated, the Kharijites re-formed and continued their resistance to the official Islamic forces both during the Umayyad dynasty and during the Abbasid dynasty.. They thought that the power holders at that time had deviated from Islam and therefore must be opposed and overthrown..

In the field of constitutionality they do have an understanding that is contrary to the existing understanding at that time. They are more democratic, because according to them the caliph or imam must be freely chosen by all Muslims. Those who are entitled to be caliphs are not only members of the Quraish tribe, not even just Arabs, but anyone who is willing to be a Muslim, even though he is my servant who comes from Africa. The elected caliph will continue to hold his office as long as he is fair and carries out Islamic law. But if it deviates from the teachings of Islam, he must be dropped or killed.

In this connection, caliphs or the government of Abu Bakr and ‘Umar Ibn A1 ~ Khattab as a whole they could accept. That these two caliphs were appointed and that they did not deviate from Islamic teachings, they admit. But 'Usman Ibn' Affan they consider to have deviated from the seventh year of his caliphate, and 'Ali also they look distorted after the arbitration incident above.

Since then 'Usman and' Ali for them have become kaflr; Likewise with Mu'awiyyah, Amr Ibn al -’As, Abu Musa al-Asy'ari and all those whom they consider to have violated the teachings of Islam.”

Here the Kharijites entered the question of kufr: who is called an infidel and leaves Islam? Who is called a Believer and thus does not come out of, but remain in, Islam? These similar questions are no longer political issues, but the question of theology. Opinions about who se’ benamya is still a Muslim and who has left Islam and become a kaf1r and the questions related to this matter are not always the same, so that various groups arose among the Kharijites.

According to al-Syahrastani, they are divided into eighteen subsects and according to al-Baghdadi twenty subsects. Al-Asy'ari mentions sub-sects that are even larger in number.

The Kharijites generally consisted of Bedouin Arabs. Living in the barren desert makes them modest in their way of life and thinking, but hard-hearted and brave, and be independent, not dependent on others. Religious change did not bring about a change in their Badawian traits. They are still being cruel, loves violence and is not afraid to die. As Bedouin they remain far from science. Islamic teachings, as found in a1Qur’an and Hadith, they interpret according to their words and must be fully implemented. Therefore their faith and understanding is the faith and understanding of people who are simple in thinking, narrow-minded and fanatical. Thick faith, but narrow, coupled with this fanatical attitude made them unable to tolerate deviations from the teachings of Islam according to their understanding, even if only a deviation in small form.

Herein lies the explanation, how easily the Kharijites were divided into small groups and could also be understood about their attitude of constantly fighting against the Islamic rulers and the Muslims of their time..

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