Understanding and Prayer of Zakat Fitrah and Zakat Mal complete based on Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadith and in Arabic, Latin and Indonesian

The following are some of the understandings, law, rukun, terms, time, hikmah and Doa zakat fitrah and mal in Arabic, Latin and its meaning.

In Islam, Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam in addition to the creed, Prayer five times a day, Ramadan fasting, and go on the pilgrimage if you can. For those who are able to pay zakat but do not implement it means a great sin. This is the same grave sin as leaving the five daily prayers or fasting in the holy month of Ramadan.

Zakat Fitrah according to the opinion of most scholars, which is not the sect of imam Hambali, it is mandatory to find the sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan. Apart from Zakat Fitrah, Zakat Mal should also be known by every Muslim, because it is also something that must be issued.

Because it is important to know who and what are important things in Zakat Fitrah and Zakat Mal, we will talk clearly in this article about understanding, law, and discharge time.

Definition of Zakat Fitrah

Zakat fitrah is part of the assets of a certain amount that must be spent by every Mukallaf or Muslim, Puberty and sanity. Anyone whose income is borne by that person under certain conditions determined by Sharia law.

Zakat fitrah is also called Sadaqah Fitrah. Zakat is called Zakat Fitrah because it is required to fulfill it when entering Fitri or breaking the fast at the end of Ramadan.

Zakat Al-Fitr

Zakat Fitrah is a commitment that must be fulfilled. The legal basis for this zakat obligation is contained in several hadiths, including hadith narrated by Ibn Umar Ra as follows :

Pillars of Zakat Fitrah

There are four pillars of zakat fitrah :

1. Muzakki or people who are obliged to do zakat
2. Mustahik or zakat recipient
3. Goods used as zakat or staple food
4. Given before Ied Fitri prayer

Wisdom of Zakat Fitrah

Zakat Fitra should be performed to cleanse themselves and make up for their shortcomings while fasting in the month of Ramadan. This zakat is like the prostration of syahwi that is done when there is a lack of prayer. Waki'bin Al-Jarrah said:

On the privilege of zakat fitrah, Ibn Abbas said:

“Indeed, Rasulullah Saw demanded Zakat Fitrah to cleanse those who fast from useless and dirty discussions., and feed the poor. Whoever pays before Ied Fitri prayer is the zakat received. But if it is done after the Eid prayer, then it is an ordinary Sadaqah "(HR, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and Daruquthni).

Time to Pay Zakat Fitrah

Zakat Fitrah must be done at sunset at the end of the month of Ramadan or on the eve of Eid. This is based on the hadith narrated by Ibn Abbas ra.

The time to perform Zakat Fitrah starts after sunset on the night of Eid. Because Zakat Fitrah is prescribed to clean people who are fasting. Therefore, anyone who lives part of the month of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr is required to pay Zakat Fitrah, or it is required of those who provide a living to fulfill their Zakat Fitrah if the conditions are met.

So whoever lives on the moon and is still alive after sunset, then died on the night of Eid, he is required to pay Zakat Fitrah. While those who die before sunset at the end of the month of Ramadan, they are not required to pay Zakat Fitrah.

The babies were born before sunset on the last day of Ramadan and are still alive until sunset, the baby has to pay his zakat al-fitr. If the baby is born after sunset, babies are not required to pay their zakat al-Fitr, even if you convert to Islam before sunset or after.

A person gets married in the month of Ramadan and the marriage relationship lasts until sunset, must fulfill his wife's Zakat Fitrah. If he marries her after sunset, he is not obliged to pay his wife's Zakat Al-Fitr.

Understanding Zakat Mal

The point, God's property is a trust entrusted to His creatures. Therefore, assets received must be used in accordance with the guidelines of the Giver, namely Allah SWT. One of the guidelines to be followed is the issue of Zakat Mal.

Zakat Mal is zakat on wealth or wealth that must be paid after the specified conditions are met.

Syarat Zakat Mal

The following requirements must be met with zakat mal, that is:

• Perfect possession, that is, his property really belongs to him and he has the power to manage it. Despite the fact that the property owned is the property of Allah SWT. However, Allah SWT has given him the confidence to use and apply the things that are right and blessed by Him.
• Precious treasures such as gold and silver, pets or livestock, agricultural product, property sale, mining products and assets found.
• Nisab is the minimum measure or requirement for zakat.
• Haul is the ownership time for one year. As the Prophet said; "There is no compulsory zakat on a person's property before one year of possession.” (H.R Daruquthni)

Prayer for Zakat Fitrah and Zakat Mal

The intention of Zakat Fitrah or Zakat Mal is enough in the heart and is said by saying, "I give this treasure as Zakat Mal or Fitrah because of Allah.”

When you give zakat, read prayers like the words of the Prophet Muhammad, narrated by Abu Hurairah ra: "When you give zakat, don't forget to read the following:

(Allahummaj’alhaa maghnaman walaa taj’alhaa maghramaa)

That means : “O Allah, make it a profitable savings and do not make it a detrimental gift.”

Other Material :

• Definition of Infaq
• Various Zakat
• Conditions of Congregational Prayer and the Opinion of ‘Ulama
• Meditation
• Night Prayer

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