Sect – Is a classification of a law / rules one level below firkah, which is where firkah is a term that is often used to replace the word “denomination” in Islam. The following will explain what a sect is and how many types of sects there are in Indonesia.

The meaning of Mahzab

The word “sect” comes from Arabic, which means the path that is traversed or passed, Something that becomes one's goal, both concretely and abstractly. Something is said to be a sect for a person if the way or path is his special feature.

According to scholars and religious scholars, the so-called mazhab is a method or manhaj that is formed after going through thought and also research, Then then the person who goes through it and makes it a clear guideline for its boundaries and parts, built on principles and principles.

The term mazhab can be included in any scope and discipline in any discipline, related to everything that is found because of differences. There are at least three areas where the term school of thought is commonly used in it, namely the school of faith / theology (madzahib i criminaliqadiyyah), political sects (madzahib siyasiyah), and the school of jurisprudence or the juridical school or the school of law (madzahib fiqhiyyah)

List of sects

There are many sects in Islam spread in the world. Each school has differences in rules that are not too different from other schools. But the sect is not for comparisons between right and wrong, just believe and follow it, for right and wrong leave it to Allah SWT, we, although different sects, are still the same human beings, the same people of the Prophet Muhammad SAW , Respecting fellow human beings is the command of Allah SWT

Sunni

Sunni or generally known as Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama'ah is one of the largest sects in Islam. There are four major schools of jurisprudence that are widely followed by Muslims, that is : Maliki, Hanafi, Hambali, son of Shafi’i. In the Sunni faith, the four sects are valid to follow, the differences that exist in each school are not fundamental. Sunni has another name, namely Orthodox Islam

Shiites

Shi'ah is the official word in Iran. In its development, only three schools of jurisprudence exist until now, namely Itsna ‘Asyariah (much followed), Ismailiyah and Zaidiyah. In the Shiite faith, Ahlulbait and his descendants are considered entitled to hold the reins of leadership as caliphs and imams for the Muslims in place of the Prophet SAW.

School of jurisprudence

School according to the scholars of jurisprudence, is a special jurisprudence methodology practiced by mujtahid jurists, who sent him to choose a number of laws in the field of furu science '.

Here is a list from 4 high priest who adheres to the school of jurisprudence Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama'ah

Syafi’i School

The Syafi’i school is a school of jurisprudence in the Sunni that was founded by Imam Syafi’i in the early 9th century.. This sect is generally practiced by the people of lower Egypt, Western Saudi Arabia, Syria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, pantai Koromandel, Malabar, Hadramaut, and Bahrain.

Fundamentals of the Imam Shafi'i School

The basics of the Shafi'i School can be seen in the Ar-Risalah ushul fiqh book and the al-Umm fiqh book.. In the book, Imam Shafi'i explains that the framework and principles of his school and some examples formulate the law of far'iyyah (which is a branch). The basics of the main schools of thought are adhering to the following matters

1. Al-Quran
   Interpretation outwardly, as long as no one confirms that what is meant is not the outward meaning. Imam Shafi'i first and foremost and always seeks from the Qur'an when establishing Islamic law.
2. The hadith (Sunnah of Rasululloh SAW)
   Then if there is no reference from the Al-Quran found. Imam Shafi'i was so strong in his defense of the sunnah that he was nicknamed Nashir As-Sunnah (defenders of the Sunnah of the Prophet).
3. Ijma’
   Or the agreement of the Companions of the Prophet, that there is no difference of opinion on an issue. Ijma’ which was accepted by Imam Shafi'i as the basis of law, namely ijma’ for friends, not an agreement on all mujtahid at a certain time in a law; because according to him something like this could not happen.
4. Qiyas
   In Ar-Risalah it is also referred to as ijtihad, If in consensus’ also found no law. However, Imam Shafi'i rejected the basis of istihsan and istislah as one of the ways to establish Islamic law.

Mahzab Maliki

Founded by Imam Malik, And followed by approx 25% Muslims all over the world. This sect is dominant in West and North African countries. This sect has the uniqueness of proposing the way of life of the people of Medina as a source of law because the Prophet Muhammad SAW migrated, life, and died there; and sometimes its position is considered higher than the hadith.

Mahzab Hambali

Starting with the students of Imam Ahmad bin Hambal. This sect is followed by only around 5% Muslims in the world who are dominant in the Arabian peninsula. This school is the school currently adhered to in Saudi Arabia.

Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal who is also famous as a leading hadith scholar and the founder of Hambali School of jurisprudence, also studied with Imam Shafi'i

Mahzab Hanafi

Founded by Imam Abu Hanifah, The Hanafi school is embraced around 35% all Muslims, adherents are many in South Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives), Northern Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine (a mixture of Syafi’i and Hanafi), Caucasian (Chechnya, Dagestan).

The Spread of the Sect

The propagation of the Syafi'i school of thought is different from the Hanafi school and the Maliki school , which was heavily influenced by the power of the caliphate. The main thoughts and basic principles of the Syafi'i School are most importantly disseminated and developed by its students. The main disciples of Imam Shafi'i in Egypt, which spread and developed the Syafi'i School in the beginning, namely

1. Yusuf bin Yahya al-Buwaiti (w. 846)
2. Abi Ibrahim Ismail bin Yahya al-Muzani (w. 878)
3. Ar-Rabi bin Sulaiman al-Marawi (w. 884)

Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal who is also famous as a leading hadith scholar and the founder of Hambali School of jurisprudence, also studied with Imam Shafi'i. other than that, there are still many scholars who later followed and also spread the Syafi'i School, among others:

1. Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Asy’ari
2. Imam Bukhari
3. Imam Muslim
4. I have Nasa’i
5. Imam Baihaqi
6. Imam Turmudzi
7. Imam Ibn Majah
8. Imam Tabari
9. Imam Ibnu Hajar al-Asqalani
10. Imam Abu Daud
11. Imam Nawawi
12. I have as-Suyuti
13. Imam Ibn Kathir
14. Imam adz-Dzahabi
15. Imam al-Hakim

Such is the discussion of sects, May be useful.

Another article :

• Alms : Type, Law, Provisions, Along with the proofs of the Qur’an and its Hadiths
• Prayer Tasbih : Prayer, Intention, How to Pray, and the Benefits of Prayer Beads
• Solomon's Prayer for Sustenance and Expelling Jinn

 

The post Mahzab appeared first on this page.