Mad example
this time will share insights that discuss about understanding, number of letters, reading examples, and 13 the division of Mad Far’i : Mad Wajib Muttashil, Mad jaiz munfashil, Mad ‘Aridh Lis Sukun, Mad Badal, Mad ‘Iwadh, Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Kilmi, Mad Lazim Mukhoffaf Kilmi, Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Harfi, Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Harfi, Mad Farq, Mad Layyin, Mad Shilah, and Mad Tamkin.
A. The meaning of mad and qashar
According to Muhammad Mahmud in the book Hidayatul Mustafid stated that mad in the sense of language is اَلْمَطُّ (lengthen) or اَلزِّيَادَةُ (plus). Meanwhile, according to the meaning of the term is:
اَلْمَدُّ هُوَ اِطَالَةُ الصَّوْتِ بِحَرْفٍ مِنَ الْحُرُوْفِ اْلمَدِّ
& ldquo; Mad is to extend the sound with a letter between the mad letters”
According to the Asi-Syathibi priest, Mad is the lengthening of the letter or the letter of the letter when it encounters a hamzah or a dead letter. The as-syathibi defines Mad by inserting a letter in a word.
The first sense of Asy-Syathibi is similar to that of Muhammad Mahmud above. And the second understanding shows that there is a difference with the understanding that is commonly used, because the letter in question is not really mad but is considered mad. For example : دَرَسْتَ pada Q.S Al-An’am, verse 105 read long with دَارَسْتَ
Whereas Qashar's definition of language is & ldquo; enduring & rdquo;. According to the meaning of the term is to shorten the sound of the letter mad or layyin which originally read long or remove the letter mad from a word.
B. Mad letters
The extended letters are three kinds of mad, that is:
1. Alphabet و die which falls after the letters marked dhommah.
Example :
جَعَلُوْا , ظَلَمُوْا . ذَكَرُوْا , عَلِمُوْا
2. Alphabet ي die which falls after the letter marked kasroh.
Example
اَلْخَبِيْرُ , اَلْحَلِيْمُ , حَافِظِيْنَ , فِيْهَا
3. Alphabet ا die which falls after the punctuated letter.
Example
اَلصَّلَاةُ , اَلصِّيَامُ , اَلزَّكَاةُ
Then if there are any hijab letters with the mad letter, must read long. and its length according to the prevailing conditions.
C. Length of reading mad
The length of the mad reading is three parts:
1. Short length ( اَلْقَصَرُ) which is how to read mad letters along 1 alif (two beats / harakat)
2. The middle is long (اَلتَّوَسُّطُ) which is how to read mad letters along 1 ½ alif (3 knock / harakat)
3. Long, long (اَلطُّوْلُ) which is how to read mad letters along 2 ½ alif (5 knock / harakat) or 3 alif (6 knock)
D. Distribution of Mad
Mad reading is divided into 2 that part namely namely Mad Asli (مَدْ اَصْلِى) dan Mad Far’i (مَدْ فَرْعِى)
Mad is original according to the language that is mad is still original, is that the length of the reading remains one or two 2 knock.
Meanwhile, according to the understanding of the term is:
المَدُّ الطَّبِيْعِي اَّلذِي لَاتَقُوْمُ ذَاتُ حَرْفِ اْلمَدِّ اِلَّا بِهِ
The purpose of this understanding is that the length of the mad reading does not exceed the original length, namely one alif because it is not entered hamzah or breadfruit. Under these conditions, the original mad is also called Mad Thabi & rsquo; i ( ُّاَلْمَدُّ الطَّبِيْعِي) It is a mad match with its original character safe from the addition of hamzah and sukun, so it does not increase the length of the readings.
Every turn that falls after the letter is wish, of’ which falls after the letter of hope is surrendered, wawu falls after the dhomah community letter, then read mad thabi & rsquo; i which means read at length one reading.
Example
Mad is real (Mad Thabi’i)
Mad is real (Mad Thabi’i) divided into two parts, that is:
1. Mad Original Zhahiry (مَدْ أَصْلِى ظَاهِرِى) that is, the original mad, the mad letter clearly follows the reading. For example as above.
2. Mad asli muqaddar (مَدْ أَصْلِى مُقَدَّرْ) that is, the original mad, whose mad letters are unclear, but the reading is throughout the original mad. This second Mad in the Ottoman Mushaf is marked by a straight face, kasroh upright and dhommah upside down.
Example:
Mad Far’i
Whereas what is meant by Mad Far & rsquo; i is mad branch. In the meaning of the verse term :& rdquo; Mad which exceeds the original mad because there are hamzah and breadfruit & ldquo;.
In the above understanding, it was shown that Mad Far & rsquo; i read more than one alif. This condition occurs after a mad letter in front of him has a hamzah or sukuk, to how to read it more than it should. In that sense it is also mentioned that the length of the reading that caused disputes: what is the actual length and what to meet, hamzah or breadfruit.
This discrepancy led to the division of Mad Far & rsquo; i 13 that is:
1. Mad Wajib Muttashil ( المدالواجب المتّصل )
2. Mad jaiz munfashil ( المد الجائز المنفصل )
3. Mad ‘Aridh Lis Sukun ( المد العارض للسّكون )
4. Mad Badal ( المد البدل )
5. Mad ‘Iwadh ( المد العواض )
6. Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Kilmi ( المد اللازم المثقّل الكلمى )
7. Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi ( المد اللازم المخفّف الكلمى )
8. Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Harfi ( المد اللازم المثقّل الحرفى )
9. Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Harfi ( المد اللازم المخفّف الحرفى )
10. Mad Layyin ( المد اللين )
11. Mad Shilah ( المد الصلة )
12. Mad Farq ( المد الفرق )
13. Mad Tamkin ( المد التمكين )
1. Mad reading Mandatory Muttashil
Mad Wajib has the meaning of having to read long, whereas Muttashil means to be continued. So mad obligat muttashil is a long read. Because there are mad letters in one sentence with hamzah. That understanding is clarified by Mahmud Muhammad within limits:
هُوَاَنْ يَكُوْنَ المَدُّ وَاْلهَمْزَةُ فِى كَلِمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ
& ldquo; Between mad and hamzah is made up of one sentence”
The mandatory mad reading length is muttashil 2 ½ alif (5 knock). The short length of the beat corresponds to the rhythm of the readings being lowered. Therefore, it is hoped that his reading does not exceed the conditions already agreed by the Qurra scholars & rsquo;.
Example:
2. Mad Jaiz Munfashil's reading
Mad Jaiz means long readable and may not be from the original mad state, whereas munfashil means separate. So what is meant by Mad Jaiz Munfashil is the ability to read long because there is a mad letter meeting hamzah in two sentences. This understanding is further expressed by Muhammad Mahmud as follows:
هُوَ مَاكَانَ حَرْفُ الْمَـدِّ فِى كَلِمَةٍ وَالْهَمْزَةُ فِى كَلِمَةٍ اُخْرَى
& ldquo; Called Mad Jaiz Munfashil because the letter mad is in one sentence while hamzah is in another sentence & rdquo;.
From the understanding explained above, how to read Mad Jaiz Munfashil does not have to be read long like Mad Wajib Muttashil, therefore there is 5 how to read it, i.e.:
a. Imam Nawawi and Imam Hamzah read it 3 alif (6 knock)
b. Imam Ashim was a teacher of the Imam of the Hafas and sha & rsquo; read it 2 ½ alif (5 knock). This is the reading that most of the Qurra members & rsquo;.
c. Imam Ibn Amer and Imam Kisa & rsquo; i read it 2 alif (4 knock)
d. Imam Qolun and Imam Dury membacanya 1 ½ alif (3 knock)
e. Imam Ibn Kathir and Imam Susy read it 1 alif (2 knock).
Example:
3. Mad Aridhlis Sukun's reading
Mad, which means long, while Aridh lis Sukun means new because it is turned off or represented. So what is meant by Mad Aridh lis Sukun is long reading because there is a meeting between the letters mad with the letters that are turned off (breadfruit) after being represented. This understanding is clarified by Muhammad Mahmud as follows:
ِّهُوَ اْلوَقْفُ عَلٰیاٰخِرِ اْلكَلِمَةِ وَكَانَ قَبْلَ اْلحَرْفِ اْلمَوْقُوْفِ عَلَيْهِ اَحَدُ حُرُوْفِ اْلمَدِّ الطَّبِيْعِي
& ldquo; Stop at the end of the sentence and before that stop there is the letter Mad Thabi & rsquo; i”
The scholars of Qurra’ have not fully agreed on the length of Mad Aridh lis Sukun's reading. Some read the qashar with 1 alif, some also read tawasuth ie 2 alif, and some read it right away 3 alif. And this last opinion is the most used by the Ahlul Qurra & rsquo;.
Example :
4. Mad Badal Reading
Badal in the meaning of language is a substitute. While according to the term is:
هُوَ اَنْ يَجْتَمَعَ المَدُّ وَاْلهَمْزَةُ فِى كَلِمَةٍ لكِنْ تَتَقَدَّمَ اْلهَمْزَةُ عَلَى اْلَمدِّ
& ldquo; The letters mad and hamzah come together in one sentence but the hamzah is earlier than mad & rdquo;.
The 'Ulama’ agreed, long reading mad badal viz 1 alif, as mad Thabi & rsquo; i. It is said mad badal because mad is a Badal (a substitute) of the dismissed hamzah. Mad badal is again a hamzah, and then replace it with this reading. The reason for the replacement is because there are two hamzah in the first sentence of life while the second dies, then the dead hamzah was replaced by mad, to read it is not too heavy.
Example:
5. Mad Iwadh reading
Iwadh means substitute, what Mad iwadh means is:
هُوَ الوَقْفُ عَلَى التَّنْوِيْنِ المَنْصُوْبِ فِى اٰخِرِ الكَلِمَةِ
& ldquo; Mad that happened because of waqf (Stop) on the plate, read texts at the end of the sentence”
On that understanding, it appears that mad iwadh was originally a sentence that was read nasab, is then applied until the tag is replaced by a regular punctuation (not married). After replaced, then the way to read it becomes longer. And for the length of the readings around 1 alif (2 knock).
Example :
6. Mad Read Lazsa Mutsaqqal Kilmi
Mad is a common denominator which means to prolong. Whereas Mutsaqqal means weight, and kilmi means one sentence. So what Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal meant was the extended mad reading, because there is a tashdid in one sentence. This understanding is further formulated by Muhammad Mahmud as follows:
هُوَ اَنْ يَكُوْنَ بَعْدَ حَرْفِ اْلمَدِّ حَرْفٌ مُشَدَّدٌ فِى كَلِمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ
& ldquo; Mad which occurs because after the mad letter there is a ditasydid letter in one sentence”
Tasydid is a double letter (double) one is alive and the other is dead, and the dead are the same as breadfruit. Because of that, if there is a mad letter that meets the sukun (in this case tasydid), then the custom to read long provided that the letter between the mad and the letter is still a sentence.
the length of this reading all the Qurra scholars agreed 3 alif or (6 knock)ز
Example:
7. Mad Reads Mukhaffaf Kilmi
Mad Lazim means that it is customary to extend it, being face to face means being taken lightly, and kilmi which means one sentence. So Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi is mad reading that occurs when the mad letter meets the dead letter in one sentence. This understanding was further formulated by Muhammad Mahmud as follows:
هُوَاَنْ يَكُوْنَ بَعْدَ حَرْفِ اْلمَدِّ حَرْفٌ سَاكِنٌ
& ldquo; Mad that occurs because after a mad letter there is a letter that dies or is reconciled”
How to read it rather light compared to Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Kilmi, but at the same length it reads, that is 3 alif (6 knock). Because of that, the difference between the two mad is: if mad usually mutsaqqal after mad there is a letter in tasydid, being mad usually facesfaf after the mad letter has a letter. The equation is : are both long reads 3 alif and together in one sentence.
Example of a Mad Madam Mukhaffaf Kilmi :
1 مَحْيَاۤيْ After mad there are letters that are supported
2 آَلْآنَ After mad there are letters that are supported
8. Mad Read Lazsa Mutsaqqal Harfi
Mad usually means long reading habits, Mutsaqqal means weight and Harfi means in letters. So the meaning of Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Harfi is the mad reading that occurs in certain letters at the beginning of a particular chapter. This understanding is then formulated by Muhammad Mahmud as follows:
هُوَ اَنْ يُوْجَدَ حَرْفٌ فِى فَوَاتِحِ السُّوَرِ هِجَاؤُهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَحْرُفٍ اَوْ سَطُهَا حَرْفُ مَدِّ وَالثَّالِثُ سَاكِنٌ
& ldquo; Mad found in the beginning letter of the chapter and the letter has 3 letter section, the second letter is a mad letter, while the last letter is a mixed letter & rdquo;.
From the above understanding, the conditions of Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Harfi can be determined that is:
1. Occurs in letters at the beginning of the chapter
2. The letter in question is 3 letter section. For example letters صَادْ , then that part of the letter is ص , ا , د where the middle letter is mad, while the last letter is off.
3. How to read it all along 3 alif (6 knock).
In the Qur'an & rsquo;, the letters used at the beginning of the chapter are called Fawatihus Suwar ( فَوَاتِحُ السُّوَرِ )* is as follows:
1. Q.S. Al-Baqarah : الٓــمّٓ
2. Q.S. Aali-Imran : الٓــمّٓ
3. Q.S. Al-A’raf : الٓـمّٓصٓ
9. Mad Read Lazar Mukhaffaf Harfi
Mad Lazim means that it is customary to extend it, being face to face means being taken lightly, harfi has a letter meaning. So what is meant by Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Harfi is that Mad usually occurs in the beginning of the surah whose letters are two parts. This understanding was then formulated by Muhammad Mahmud as follows:
هُوَ مَاكَانَ اْلحَرْفُ فِيْهِ عَلَى حَرْفَيْنِ
& ldquo; Mad met with letters that are two parts”
From that understanding, then the conditions of Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Harfi can be determined namely:
1. Occurs in the beginning letter of the chapter
2. The letter in question is 2 part, for example letters ها consisting of: ا and هـ
3. Length 1 alif (2 movement),
Moving on from the letters that begin the chapter above, then the Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Harfi letter is there 5 that is, collected in lafadz: َحَيٌّ طَهُر
Example:
1 طٰهٰ Mad met the letters of the people 2 in one sentence
2 حٰـمٓ Mad met the letters of the people 2 in one sentence
3 الٓــمّٓرٰ Mad met the letters of the people 2 in one sentence
In the Ottoman Manuscripts, Mad is marked with punctuation ( ا ) on the letter that begins the chapter.
10. I am not Mad Mad
Mad Layyin is the mad that occurs in the letters wawu and yes’ which falls after the punctuation mark, with the condition that the way to read it remains predictable (continue), and cannot be ignored (Stop), because if it stops then it becomes qalqalah Kubra.
The length of Mad Layyin's reading is 1 alif (2 movement) if in the middle of a sentence, and 2 alif or 3 alif if the end of the sentence.
Example:
1 بَيْتٌ Bai-tun Letters fall on the face
2 خَوْفٌ The funniest Letters fall after the page
3 رَيْبٌ The letter-bun Letters are laid down after the print
4 غَيْبٌ The letter Ghai-bun lay down after the fathah
11. Mad Shilah's reading
Mad Shilah means the mad reading is connected. Or in other words Mad Shilah is an additional mad letter that is supposed to be after the letter ha’ dhomir, which is thought to be either a dhakat or a surrender. This understanding was later confirmed by Muhammad Mahmud as follows:
هُوَحَرْفُ مَدٍّ زَائِدٍ مُقَدَّرٌ بَعْدَ اْلهَاءِ الضَّمِيْرِ وَقُدِّرَ بِحَرَكَتَيْنِ حَالَ ضَمِّهِ وَكَسْرِهِ
& ldquo; Mad shilah is an additional mad letter thought after ha’ impregnated and reckoned with harakat dhammah and kasrah & rdquo;.
What is meant by ha’ pure in this sense is ha’ as a pronoun, for example: ىـــــــهُ, ىـــــــهٖ , ىـــــــهٰ
Mad Shilah is divided into two types :
a. Mad Shilah Qashir ( المَدُّ الصِّلَةُ القَصِيْرَةُ )
b. Mad Shilah Thawil ( المَدُّ الصِّلَةُ الطَّوِيْلَةُ )
Mad Shilah Qashir is when a dhamir falls after the alphabet and does not follow the sentence after which al-Ta & rsquo; rif ( اَلْــ تَعْرِيْف )
How to read Mad Shilah Qoshir is 1 and they read it 2 alif.
Example:
1 إِنَّهٗ كَانَ Dhamir falls after the letter of life and does not continue hamzah
2 وَلَهٗ مَا فِى السَّمٰوٰاتِ Dhamir falls after the letter of life and does not continue hamzah
12. Mad Farqu Reads
Mad Farqu which means mad differentiator, or in other terms, mad farqu yaityu mad which has a distinguishing function between istifham (question words) by the word (news). until there is no mad, then people will think that hamza khabar, in fact hamzah is the one that works for the stereotype (question words).
The length of the Mad Farqu reading is 3 alif (6 movement). In the Qur'an, Mad farqu reading is here 4 ie place:
1 Al An’am: 143 آالذّٓكَرَيْنِ Mad as a stylist
2 Al An’am: 144 آالذّٓكَرَيْنِ Mad as a stylist
3 Yunus: 59 آاللهُ Mad as a stylist
4 An Naml: 59 آاللهُ Mad as a stylist
13. Mad Tamkin Reads
Mad Tamkin is mad because there are two yes’ one is dead and the other is alive, bookmarked kasrah and tasydid. Ya’ that is better than the first and foremost’ the dead
For the length of this reading mad 1 alif (2 movement).
Example:
1 حُيِّيْتُمْ Before that’ there is’ kasrah and tasydid
2 اَلنَّبِيِّيْنَ Before that’ there is’ kasrah and tasydid
14. Qashar reading
As described in the above definition, that qashar reading is a shortened reading, the recitation is long. In this case, we can refer to the opinion of Imam Hafaz on the readings read with the following description:
1. Shafrun Mustadir (صَفْرٌمُسْتَدِيْرٌ) which is a circle like a ball (THE) written on the memorandum.
2. Shafrun Mustathil (صَفْرٌمُسْتَطِيْلٌ) which is a circle that extends like a dove's egg shape (0) written on the pronouncements quoted.
The reading in the Qur'an's Shafrun Mustadir is a must-read, good predictable (continue) or represented (Stop).
Example:
1 Al Kahfi: 23 لِشَا۫ئٍ لِشَئٍ
That's the explanation of mad, May be useful
Other Articles :
- Waqaf Signs and Interests With Examples
- Ibtida’ Along with Waqaf and Washal (Definition, Division, Signs and How to Read)
- How to Read the Qur'an & rsquo; (Hijaiyah and Punctuation)
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