Aqidah – or i'tiqod in language, which comes from the word al 'aqdu which has a strong meaning around it, strong, and tightly. And in general terms, the word akidah has a strong belief in something, without a doubt. The following is a complete explanation of the aqidah and several explanations regarding which ones are almost the same as the aqidah

Meaning of Aqidah

Every believer has a certain belief. However, the truth of the faith only exists in Islam. Because it comes from the All-Knowing Essence, namely Allah SWT . So that there is no difference between the beliefs brought by the Prophets from time to time.

A false belief
is to cover all beliefs that conflict with revelation. That is a belief that originates from human reason alone, or derived from revelation but changed. For example, the Jewish belief is that Uzair is the son of Allah, or also the Christian belief which states that Al is still the son of God, or the Shia creed which has the belief that Allah regrets what he wills, which is called bad faith.

In the syar'i definition
Islamic religious beliefs have a scientific meaning that comes from Allah and His Messenger, which is also mandatory for Muslims to believe in

Although the word creed in this case is a new term that is not known in the Qur'an or Sunnah, but scholars use this term. Which shows that the use of this term is permissible. Toh, There is no problem in using the term if the meaning is understood.

Among the scholars who used this term was Imam Al Laalakaai (418 H) in his book Syarhul ushul I'tiqod ahlu sunnah wal jama'ah, then Imam As Shobuni (449 H) in his book Aqidas Salaf Ashaabul Hadith.

Terms That Mean Aqidah

Then there are some terms that mean faith that are also used by scholars, among them :

Al Fiqhul Akbar

When the word fiqh first appeared, it was intended to refer to the knowledge of the general Islamic religion, and especially knowledge related to the hereafter, heart problem, destroyer of charity and so on. However, this meaning changed to the science of practical Shar'I dzhohir law which is now known as the science of fiqh.

So that the science of jurisprudence in the past included all religious sciences, both the science of faith which has a spiritual character and the science of law which has the nature of dzohir. From here, the term Fiqhul Akbar emerged, which refers to the science of faith. Because the knowledge of faith is greater than the knowledge of the branch of dzohir law which is Fiqhul Ashghor.

The scholar who first used this term was Abu Hanifah (150 H) in his book Al Fiqhul Akbar. He said, “Al Fiqhul Akbar in religion is better than fiqh in science, someone who is knowledgeable about how to worship God is better than collecting all knowledge”

Al Iman

Understanding Faith linguistically it means At Tashdiq (justification) and Al Iqroor (determination). As for the sharia, faith is justification and determination as well as submission to the truth that comes from revelation. And the scholars agree that faith includes words and deeds., words of the heart and verbally, actions of the heart and limbs.

The term faith is the word most often mentioned in the Qur'an and Sunnah. Among the scholars who use this term is Ibn Mandah (395 H) in his book Kitabul Iman, and Sheikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah (728 H) also in his two books "Al Iman Ausath and Al Imanul Kabir", Then Imam Bukhari made a chapter at the beginning of his sohih with the name kitabul iman.

As Sunnah

The word sunnah has a variety of meanings depending on each discipline. In the science of Sunnah jurisprudence, these are things that if done will get a reward, and it's okay if it's left behind.

In the science of ushul fiqh assunnah is the second source of revelation after the Qur'an. In hadith science, assunnah is the equivalent of creed, and so on. Sometimes sunnah is used as the antithesis of the word bid'ah.

However, many scholars use the term sunnah to refer to the meaning of aqidah due to the urgency of the knowledge of aqidah which is the mainstay of the Islamic religion.. Among the scholars who use the term sunnah is Imam Ahlus Sunnah Ahmad bin Hambal (327 H) in the book of Sunnah and Imam Al Barbahaari (329 H) in his book Syarhus Sunnah.

And Tauhid

The word monotheism is in the hadith of Mu'adz when he was sent to Yemen above. Among the scholars who used this word was Ibn Khuzaimah (311 H) in Kitabut Tauhid Wa Itsbaatu Shifaatir Rabb 'Azza Wa Jalla , also Imam Al Maqriizi (845 H) in his book Tajridut Tauhid Al Mufid, and Sheikhul Islam Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (1206 H) in the Book of Tauhid Alladzi Huwa Haqqullah 'Alal 'Abid.

Books written with the term monotheism will only discuss things related to the science of monotheism in its three types, which is part of the science of faith. Until the creed is more comprehensive (sumul).

Apart from discussing monotheism, The book of Aqidah will also discuss other things such as faith and its pillars, Islam and its pillars, supernatural things, rules in the creed that are definitely agreed upon by the ulama, existing and new, objections to misguided trends etc.

As Shari'ah

In general, aqidah is like the sunnah, sometimes it is meant to be prescribed by Allah to his servants, which is in the form of laws delivered by the Prophets. Sometimes it is also meant to be a problem of belief, and sometimes it is also meant just amaliyah fiqhiyah.

Even in the Qur'an, the meaning of Sharia is diverse, sometimes it means all the teachings brought by the prophets, Sometimes haya is devoted to the teachings of each prophet which differ from one another, and sometimes it is also devoted to the commonality of the preaching of all prophets, namely monotheism.

As for the specific meaning of Shari'ah, it is the creed believed by Ahlu Sunnah wal Jama'ah. And this is what the ulama meant when they wrote the book of faith under the name As Syari'ah. Among the scholars who use this term is Imam Al Ajurri (360 H) in his book As Syarii'ah and Ibnu Bathoh (387 H) in his book Al-Ibaanah 'The Shari'ah of Firqotun Naajiyah.

Ushulud Din

Ashlu or principal is what something is built on. So ushulud din is something that religion is built on. And the Islamic religion is built on good and true beliefs. So that the scholars used this term with the meaning of religious knowledge.

And this is what we know in Middle Eastern universities, Saudi Arabia, especially the faculty that concentrates only on discussing faith is the Ushuluddin faculty. Among the scholars who use this term is Abu Hasan Al Asy'ari (324 H)in his book Al Ibanah 'An Ushulid Diyanah, and Ibn Bathoh (387 H) in his book Asy Syarhu wal Ibanag 'An Ushulis sunnah Wad Diyanah.

Wallahu 'Alam.

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